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Edunity

Volume 2 Number 5, May 2023

p- ISSN 2963-3648|e-ISSN 2964-8653

Doi:

https://edunity.publikasikupublisher.com/index.php/Edunity/index

IMPLEMENTATION OF ART THERAPY THROUGH THE

CREATIVE PROCESS OF CREATING PAINTINGS TO REDUCE

THE STRESS LEVELS OF STUDENTS

Kadek Jaya Sumanggala

, Pujiyanto

, Robby Hidayat

Keguruan Seni Rupa, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]*

ABSTRACT

Education aims to shape students to become human beings who are intelligent in thinking,

morals, and able to fully realize their full potential. The higher the level of education will be in

line with the increasingly heavy learning load. High learning loads and high social demands can

also affect students' stress levels. So, it is not uncommon for students as students to experience

a lot of despair which leads to suicide. These problems can be overcome by applying art therapy

through a creative process. This study aims to apply art therapy through a creative process to

reduce student stress levels. This study used mixed methods with a one-group design through

tests (pre-test & post-test) and painting the results before and after the intervention. The research

subjects were selected by purposive sampling technique by taking the subject of a high-stress

level 4 people consisting of two men and two women. The data analysis techniques used in this

study include a) data collection, b) data reduction, c) data presentation, and d) draw conclusions.

Data collection instruments used in one group of research subjects consisted of pre-test & post-

test before and after intervention using the Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42), observation,

interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that art therapy through a creative

process can reduce student stress. This is proven from a comparison of the paintings before and

after the intervention through art analysis. The results of the paintings show that the images of

academic pressure and social pressure on students, after the intervention, there is a significant

difference between one painting and another. In addition, the results of interviews conducted

with the four research subjects felt more confident and self-controlled. The total score of the four

subjects before the intervention was 123 with details of 36 (physical), 42 (emotional), and 45

(behavior), then after the intervention, the total score was 87 with details of 25 (physical), 32

(emotional), and 30 (behavior). So, this proves that art therapy is effective in reducing stress

levels in college.

Keywords: Art Therapy; The creative process; Stresses; Students

Introduction

Everyone needs education because it is essential for the progress of humanity

(Haderani, 2018). Through education, individuals acquire special knowledge and

something deeper, such as understanding, care, and wisdom. Every person’s potential

needs to be developed in order to reach maturity and become a civilized being. The

school serves as a means for students to maintain their interests and skills (Muslich,

2022)

The goal of education is to form a pupil into a man who is intelligent, moral, and able to

realize his potential fully. (Noor, 2018), referring to UUD 1945 on the National Education

System No. 20 of 2003, defined education as "the growth of students into people who

believe and fear the One God, are noble, healthy, knowledgeable, creative, independent,

and become democratic and responsible citizens." The development of education has a

very noble purpose and a promising future (Badriyah, 2020)

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The educational process is done for the purpose of learning. The results of the learning

process will determine the quality of the students. A lot of time is spent on learning

activities using three different systems: face-to-face teaching, unstructured individual

learning, and structured mastery known as learning burden. E. from 2010). It is

impossible to avoid the burden of learning in the learning process because it requires

action and mental activity (Badriyah, 2020)

This was due to the transition from high school (SMA) to college (Herpanda et al., 2022).

In addition, students often feel encouraged to find reading materials for projects ranging

from theoretical work to practical work in the field or laboratory (Cania, 2023). This is

what distinguishes students from each other. In addition, students conduct research for

their final thesis or assignment, which is necessary to be able to obtain a degree in

accordance with the chosen educational program (Amaliya Fradinata, 2021)

High learning burdens affect the student’s varied responses. Academic stress is a form

of stress experienced by students who are unable to follow the learning process. (R. N.

Putri & Hidayah, 2021). According to Bahraini, S., & Sarman, F., Academic stress is a

condition caused by imbalances or gaps between a person’s biological, psychological,

and social needs and resources, and student performance can be disrupted due to

academic stress (C. P., M. M. D., & R. R. Putri, 2020)

Academic stress levels among students at Muhammadiyah Magelang University vary,

with 58 students (57.4%) reporting moderate stress levels. Medium stress is a stressful

condition that is naturally longer than mild stress and usually occurs within a few hours

to several days (Mahmud, 2017), while the level of severe stress is 7 people in the

percentage (6.9%). Heavy stress is chronic stress, in which the sufferer experiences stress

for several weeks to several year (Mahmud, 2017), while for mild stress, it is 36 percent

(33.6%). A mild stress is a stress that occurs for only a few minutes or hours (Mahmud,

2017)

Based on the above data, the symptoms caused by stress include many complaints about

headaches, difficulty sleeping, looking anxious and irritable, and the occurrence of

disturbances in memory (Syarifa & Indrawati, 2017). On the other hand, Oman dkk

(2008) said that stress will affect depression and anxiety and can even encourage suicide

(Musabiq & Karimah, 2018)

Considering the results of Ambarwati’s study in 2019, the students of the Buddhist

Religious College of Kertarajasa must feel stress as well. Even though this is a campus

with regular programs and smaera/ahaslani. High hopes on campus came with

mandatory monastic regulations and activities for students.

In addition to being students at the STAB Kertarajasa, students are obliged to obey the

following monastic orders, as described by Ningsih (2018): All beginners must

consciously follow the ten silas and shikha; b) Aṭṭṭhasīlani must conscientiously follow

aṭṭhhasīla and the code of ethics of aṭṇhasílani, c) Sāmaṇera and sāmaṇera must follow

the disciplinary guidelines of Pabbajita Padepokan Dhammadipa Arama to life

discipline; d) Being a Pabhajita in particular must not relinquish the Samaṇera for four

years of college; and f) The Pabbahita is required to devote to local Buddhists under the

direction of the Board of Leaders of Sangha Theravada, the as a sign of grat

The STAB Kertarajasa Buddhist Education study program requires its students to

complete 144 credits over 4 years or 8 semesters of lectures. In addition to following

lectures in accordance with the specified curriculum, STAB students also follow

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extracurricular activities, always including following religious organizations and

volunteering. Regular students work and study at the same time. Cohen (in Yenni 2007)

affirmed that part-time work is the most common type of job for students. Students who

work and learn do so for a variety of reasons, ranging from financial difficulties to a

simple desire to spend their free time (Lickona, 2022).

In 2022, there was a case of attempted suicide by E.D. (initial), one of STAB's students,

Kertarajasa. At the time, it was discovered that E.D. tried to end his life by drinking

mosquito drugs and many other kinds of drugs. His friend saw that E.D. had been

shaken and his mouth was foaming; fortunately, he was immediately taken to the

hospital to get help. The actions carried out relate to psychological aspects and decision-

making (Kartini & Nugraha, 2015)

Students’ stress is a significant problem. To increase the productivity and effectiveness

of teaching and learning activities, specialized management is required. The best way to

reduce students' stress levels is through art therapy. In situations of violence, art therapy

is often used as a psychological intervention to help people cope with anxiety or trauma.

(Mayang, 2020) In addition, art therapy is used to control emotional responses to stress

in school. (HP et al., 2022). Art therapy is a medium that can be used as a means of

communication (Mayang, 2020). The main objective of the art therapy approach is an

attempt to communicate a person’s thoughts or ideas through artistic creations

(Wardoyo, 2021). As in the study of Evi Sulistyanti, who utilized art therapy as a cure

for the trauma of children who were victims of bullying, it was further explained that

trauma can be reduced due to the presence of relaxation so that emotional tension can

decrease (Sulistyanti, 2017)

To provide fun activities, art therapy uses artistic media such as music, dance, and fine

art paintings (Sosani, 2020). The American Art Association describes art therapy as a

mental health profession that uses artistic processes to improve the psychological,

physical, mental, and emotional well-being of people of all ages. S. B. and 2016). In other

words, it makes sense to believe that art therapy can be used for patients of all ages.

Adrian Hill, a British scientist, first used art therapy by detailing the use of image-

making treatment, although this therapy originally occurred in history in the late 1940s

(Malchiodi, 2011). Adrian Hill stated that the benefits of art therapy include "completely

engrossing the mind (as well as the fingers) and [releasing the creative energy of the

frequently intoxicated patient'." Adrian Hill believes that drawing and painting therapy

can help him overcome TB. When psychologist Margaret Naumberg began to use the

phrase "art therapy" in her practice at the same time, art therapy began to develop into

what it is today (Wajahtera & Nurjannah, 2022)

Art therapy is widely applied to improve psychological well-being in individuals. Ryff

(Wulandari, 2016) states that psychological well-being is described as a situation that is

not only free from stress or mental health problems but also the condition of a person

who is able to accept himself and his previous life (self-acceptance), has the capacity to

effectively control his life and his environment (environmental mastery), believes that

life is important and has a purpose (personal growth), has positive relationships with

others, and has the ability to be responsible for his own actions. (otonomi).

The creative process is best used as a technique to combat depression, stress, and anxiety

(Khotimah, 2019). Because it has been proven that art has a good and effective impact on

relieving stress, The advantage of art activities is to maximize the development of early

childhood (Mayar et al., 2019). There are six components of early childhood

development, including personal awareness, emotional health, communication and

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socialization, cognition, and motor skills, according to Catron and Allen. Being creative

is seen as an important part of a creative play setting rather than an additional

development (Waluyo, 2020)

The aim of the creative process in art therapy is to help the subject feel more focused and

happier rather than creating a beautiful work of art or trying to transform the person

into an artist (Pribadiningtyas, 2016). On the other hand, it also helps patients feel more

comfortable with themselves (Christiani, Y., Mulyanto, A. W., and Wahida, A. Many

people use art therapy to overcome emotional difficulties by expressing feelings and

non-verbal emotions (Hertinjung et al., 2020)

The work of art is a medium of aid and a property of creation because it can threaten a

person to create artwork (R. Hidayat, 2001); this is in line with the thinking, who said

that the means of art are able to express all mental impulses freely (Luthfi & Akmal,

2022). To facilitate the creative process, the object of art in the work is a real embodiment

of dreams, desires, and imaginations that have no place in the real world (Rustiyanti et

al., 2020) In addition, art serves as an open speech wahana, using its symbolic language

with the outside world (Ramadhan, 2021). Media can be interpreted as an intermediary;

in this case, art as a medium can be used to convey a message to the recipient (Pujiyanto,

2015)

The first study, "Art Therapy Through the Creative Process of Drawing Early Childhood

in Bandung," was conducted in 2021 by Nina Nursetia Ningrun, a student at Telkom

University, Bandung. Published in Journal of Education Research, 21(2) of 2021. The

study explores the use of the AOT concept to increase the self-esteem of children at the

An-Nur Bandung Foundation. This research methodology is descriptive, and the type of

sample used is a purposive sample, which involves the selection of informants using

their privileges in this rich case study. using observations, interviews, and

documentation to obtain data. Four children from the An-Nur Foundation in Bandung

were taken as samples. Data analysis strategies use strategies to analyze and describe

student data based on current circumstances. The findings of this study show how art

therapy can improve a child’s cognitive ability to respond to others and instill a sense of

responsibility

The second journal, titled "The Effect of Art Therapy on Employee Stress and Anxiety,"

was written by Dace Visnola, Dagmâra Sprûda, Mârîte rija Bae, and Student Anita Pie

of the University of Riga Strajoo, Dzirciema iela, Latvia, Finland, and published in the

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 64 and No. 1/2 (666/667),

According to the questionnaire results, neither the study participants nor the control

group experienced high levels of stress before or after art therapy (average values were

insignificant), but the study group studied the end stress level (160,2 3,2), which was

significantly lower (P 0.05) compared to the controlling group (172,7 3,3)

Primary School-Based Art Therapy: The Study of Social, Emotional, and Mental Health

Change Exploration in Children is the third publication by Alex McDonald, Sue Haltom,

and Nicholas St. Paul. J. Dreyfus Published in the International Journal of Art Therapy,

2019. The study aims to find out the effectiveness of art therapy in primary schools in

addressing social, emotional, and mental health problems in children. To perform

triangulation on each result, the study used descriptive qualitative techniques using pre-

post mixed methods. Based on the findings, there is a moderate and substantial impact

on the change in teacher rank. Peer difficulties and emotional stress measured by the

instructor revealed minor changes but did not reach statistical significance (McDonald

et al., 2019)

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To avoid this problem, the researchers noticed that there were symptoms experienced

by the student, STAB Kertarajasa. Given that there are features mentioned by

Puspidasari et al. (symptoms experienced by the student, STAB Kertarajasa. Given that

there are features mentioned by Puspidasari et al. (2013), it seems that researchers find

even in the advisory data on STAB that there have been cases of suicide attempts in 2022.

The case recorded in the counseling section so far has never been prosecuted. Therefore,

the researchers intended to conduct in-depth studies for cases of students experiencing

stress.

From the background of the problems already outlined, then the formula of the problem,

how the level of students STAB Kertarajasa, how to overcome the feeling of

incompetence and loss of control in the students, How to facilitate the tranquility and

self-mastery of students; how to give students painting activities; how to produce real

and meaningful products in the creation of artworks; and how to increase the

effectiveness of art therapy through the creative process of art creation in reducing stress

in students. Whereas the purpose of this research is to know the level of students' STAB

Kertarajasa, overcome the feeling of incompetence and loss of control in students,

facilitate the tranquility and self-control of students, give students painting activities,

produce real and meaningful products in the creation of artworks, and determine the

effectiveness of art therapy through the creative process of art creation in reducing stress

on students.

Academic stress is a term used to describe the tension that occurs in the learning

environment (Barseli et al., 2020)

Academic stress is described as a condition in which one finds it difficult to deal with

academic expectations and sees them as a disruption. Barclays and colleagues (20 20).

Academic stress, according to Wiks (2008), is caused by encounters with high academic

demands and poor self-adjustment skills. It is consistent with the statements of

Kadapatti and Vijayalaxmi (2012) that academic stress is the result of a few academically

related demands that exceed the individual’s capacity to adapt.

According to Sarafino & Smith (2011), there are two factors that influence the assessment

of stress as a non-event: personal factors and situation factors, while external factors

include more dense learning, pressure for high performance, a social status boost, and

parent competition. On the other hand, factors of academic stress are caused by

mentality and personality (Puspitasari, W., 2013). Students who experience stress will

show emotional and physical symptoms, as listed below (Hernawati, N., 2006).

Art Therapy

The literal definition of art therapy is the unification of two scientific fields, in particular

psychology and art. As a result, although linguistically the word "art therapy" blends art

and therapy, it combines two different disciplines (Anoviyanti, S. R. from 2008). Later,

Edwards revealed that art therapy is a form of therapy that creates images and objects

that play an important role in the psychotherapeutic relationship between the therapist

and the client (by 2014).

Meanwhile, Naumburg and Edith Kramer claim to have different views on art in art

therapy. (Robbin, J.A., 2010). According to Margaret Naumberg, art is a form of symbolic

expression that arises from the subconscious, like dreams. On the one hand, according

to Edith Kramer, art is a method of sublimation, or a technique of reconciling emotions

and opposite impulses into beautiful forms.

According to the American Art Therapy Association (2013), art therapy is a method of

therapy that can help people with psychological disorders, health problems,

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developmental problems, and social disorders. Those who experience trauma from

accidents, conflicts, or even natural disasters can take advantage of art therapy. Instead,

those who suffer from physical illnesses such as cancer, head injuries, or other health

problems (Natasya et al., 2022)

According to (Malchiodi, 2011), art therapy functions as follows: (a) Overcoming feelings

of incompetence and uncontrollability Individuals will gain meaning from art

therapeutic activities such as painting, which will enhance their sentiment and ability to

cope with situations and exercise self-control. (b) Art therapy, which is practiced under

supervision at the time of treatment, helps people maintain calm and self-control.

According to a study, self-confidence, problem-solving skills, and decision-making skills

are part of self-mastery. (c) Providing art therapy activities will strengthen the bond

between the patient and the therapist, increase confidence in building relationships, and

help the patient feel less isolated. (d) In creating a real and meaningful product, the

process of imagination used in creating artwork is very important. This process of

imagination should not only be communicated but also be seen in the development of

artistic creativity to create products that can be seen.

The creative process

The process of developing ideas that are fresh and appropriate to solve problems on the

communicator in visual form is known as creative planning in art. The creative element

of a plan is its key component. Themes, goals, and tactics are all part of creative planning.

The term "creative process" refers to all the steps an artist takes to choose the type of

work he wants to produce. The Wallas theory, which he first presented in his book The

Art Thought (A. Hidayat, 2021), is one that is often used to describe the creative process.

He claims that there are four stages in the creative process: preparation, incubation,

enlightenment, and verification. A person mentally prepares himself to solve difficulties

in the early stages by reflecting, looking for solutions, consulting others, and so on. The

search and collection of data and information activities are not continued during the

incubation period. At this point, the man seemed to distance himself for a moment.

These issues, in the sense that he "incubates" them in the pre-conscious world rather than

thinking about them consciously. The stage of enlightenment is when a fresh inspiration

or idea first appears. This is also known as the "insight" or "aha-erlebnis" stage. Nirmana

in two-dimensional visual art consists of a variety of basic components, such as points,

lines, fields, textures, and colors. Nirmana is used to knowing aspects of works of art.

Research Method

This type of research uses mixed methods with a one-group design, testing (pre- and

post-tests), and painting to collect data. So this research is a case study, in which there is

scientific activity in sequence on individuals in the form of a program, event, or activity.

The findings of the study are analytical-descriptive and derive from behavioral

observations, mainly related to stress. Quantitative information is used to enhance

qualitative information. The study was conducted at the Buddhist Religious College

(STAB) Kertarajasa, located on Road Ir. Soekarno No. 311, Stone 65322. The subjects in

this study totaled four people taken through a purposive sample with an age range of

18 to 24 years. Specification: two people, samera and Atthasilani, who have severe stress.

This research uses a few data collection techniques, including (a) observation, (b)

interview, (c) documentation, and (d) pre- and post-test. Primary data is collected from

the results of direct activity, from key informants who are observed and interviewed

using sampling techniques. The results are supplemented with quantitative data such as

student stress level comparisons and documentation of all research activities. It is used

to verify secondary data and the accuracy of information obtained from books, articles,

library sources, previous studies, and other sources related to the problem being

investigated. In this study, data analysis is carried out throughout a certain period of

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data collection. To obtain more reliable data, an analysis of the responses given by the

source or informant is carried out at the time of the interview. If the analysis is

considered insufficient, then the question is continued until more credible data is

obtained. Procedures suggested by Milles and Huberman (1984) for data analysis used

in this study include (a) data collection, (b) data reduction, (c) data presentation, and (d)

drawing conclusions or verification. (conclusion). To verify the accuracy of the data, the

researchers used observations, interviews, initial and final tests, and student

documentation. Four key informants who were students of the STAB Buddhist Church

were interviewed as part of a triangulation of data sources. Then, so that the data that

has been obtained can be easily matched back, compare the interview results with the

content of the relevant document.

Result And Discussion

Stress levels of student

The results of research data obtained to describe student stress levels mention that the

stress variable has an empirical average, and the hypothetical average suggests that the

student stress level belongs to moderate stress. Based on the stress scale category, it is

known that there are 8.7% (8 students) have a normal condition, 17.5% (16 students) have

mild stress, 49.4% (45 students) in a moderate stress condition, and 24.1% (22) students

who belong to high levels of stress. This indicates that the average percentage is in a

moderately stressful position. The stress response depends on three aspects: physical,

emotional, and behavioral. The physical aspect was 27.6% of the total with a score of 553,

35.9% of the emotional responses with a total score of 717, and 36.4% of the stress

response to behavior with an overall score of 727. Stress in primary school students at a

percentage of 54.2%. Stress among final-level students had a 45.7 percent percentage.

The stress rate in male students was 63.7%, while in female students it was 36.2%. This

is because the number of male students (58) is higher than that of female students. (33).

Table of 1

Pre-test for stress levels

No.

Initial

Number of

Total Score

N.A

E.D

Number of

123

From the data collection results, there were 4 students who chose to be the subject of

research. They are 2 samera and 2 atthasilani. The results of the spread of the stress scale

showed that all four of the students had stress levels above 25, which puts them in the

heavy category. Based on Table 1, E.D. subjects have the highest level of stress with a

total score of 33, with each aspect scoring as much as 8 physical aspects and 13 emotional

and behavioral aspects. S is at the second level with a total score of 31, with each aspect

totaling a total of 8 physical aspects, 10 emotional aspects, and 10 behavioral aspects.

Next P, with a total score of 30 for each aspect, has a total of 8 physical aspects, 12

emotional aspects, and 10 behavioral aspects. The latter is with the initials N.A., which

has the lowest level of stress compared to the other two subjects. The total score N.A has

a total of 29 with each score 9 physical aspects; 8 emotional; and 9 aspects.

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Table of 2

Post-test for stress levels

No.

Initial

Number of

Total Score

N.A

E.D

Number of

While post-test results can be seen in Table 2, S subjects had the lowest level of stress

with a total score of 17, with each aspect score of 6 for physical aspects, 5 for emotions,

and 6 for behavior. P is at the second level, with a total score of 18, with each aspect

totaling a total of 5 physical aspects, 6 emotional aspects, and 7 behavioral aspects. Next,

N.A. and E.D. have the same score of 20. N.A. scored eight physical aspects, six

emotional aspects, and eight behavioral aspects. E.D. scored six physical aspects, eight

emotional aspects, and six behavioral aspects.

The art therapy

Stages of art therapy intervention sessions based on the approach of Malcoidi (1999)

There are 4 approaches that are recommended in performing art therapy interventions,

among them as follows: The first session is the process of screening whether the research

subject has criteria that match the research category. In the second session, the

researchers provided information and consent to subjects experiencing stress by giving

the DASS-42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) scale to see how high the stress levels of

STAB students were. (pre-test). The results of the researchers' work then introduced

tools and materials that would be used in the art therapy process through painting. The

third session is the first stage of art therapy intervention, that is, overcoming feelings of

incompetence and loss of control. The first phase aims to help the participant explain

what he felt during his education at STAB College and becoming a religious leader. The

participants express their feelings through the first painting, and after painting they

explain what they felt and what problems they experienced. The fourth session, is the

second stage of the art therapy intervention, dealing with calm and self-control. This

phase helps the participant to think clearly and be able to get out of the problems they

are experiencing, as well as provide positive things to strengthen insights so that

participants become confident and feel happy. In the fifth session, it is time for the

implementation of art therapy activities through painting. This stage gives the student

space to produce meaningful products. Before the execution, the researcher gave

instructions related to the practice of painting. Participants are also invited to paint

anywhere (outdoors) so that they can express their emotions on the canvas. In the sixth

session, the researchers enter the final stage and carry out an evaluation of the

implementation of intervention programs. The researchers used the DASS-42

(Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) scale to measure stress levels. (post-test). At this stage,

the researchers also asked participants to talk about positive experiences they had

during therapy.

Overcome the feeling of incompetence and loss of control in students. STAB

Kertarajasa

The study looked at the stress level of the student, STAB Kertarajasa, with 4 participants.

At the stage of identification of the problem through an interview that contains 15

questions and is given to two men and two women with different levels of semesters,

namely semesters 3, 5, and 7, there are two people from semester 3 as well as each person

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from semesters 5 and 7. Students have different problems with themselves. Two out of

four people stated that they were not sure about themselves, and two others said they

were confident. Nevertheless, 4 out of 4 people stated that they have felt stress and

intensity very often. Three out of four people also said that their life was difficult,

especially the life they were living as students and paramitas, who had a lot of tasks.

Two out of four said it was difficult to divide time between being a student and living a

monastic life. So, the cause of the stress in them is dominated by the problems of life that

they perceive as living in two natures.

Furthermore, they reveal why they feel stressed with the life they are living. Based on

the results of interviews with STAB Kertarajasa students, as many as two of them

mentioned feeling a lot of pressure in their lives. Two of them said it was difficult to

divide time between tasks and duties as monks and students. Thus, the level of stress

that exists in the student STAB Kertarajasa is due to the various problems of life that he

faces as a monk and a student.

As a result of their own stress, the students of STAB Kertarajasa once felt that there were

consequences of the stress they experienced. Based on the results of interviews with

STAB Kertarajasa students, three out of four people have felt desperate in their lives. The

causes of the despair they experience are due to various motives. Some of them said they

were desperate to see their lives end. As P experienced, she said, "I was once desperate

when everything that happened in my life seemed so sad." Ed said that he was also

feeling desperate, even to do something harmful to himself.

Students of STAB Kertarajasa have their own experience of the level of stress they

experience. Four out of four informants stated many ways they devoted their hearts and

minds. NA said, "I usually write to pour the content of my heart into books in the form

of notes that contain the pleasures and memories as well as the sorrow I experienced."

Thus, it can be known that the student STAB Kertarajasa once felt desperate, and various

ways were done to devote content and thoughts.

Facilitate the calm and self-control of students. STAB Kertarajasa

This phase helps the participant get out of the problems they are facing. By positioning

researchers as story friends and becoming listeners, participants are able to solve the

problems they face. It is supported by a researcher as well as a religious leader so that

the existing problems can be solved according to the experience faced. From the

accompanying results to the participants, all participants have the same problem: the

need for a listening friend. This is because the participants are far from the parents, so

communication is limited online. Those who are listening to the Qur’an are more likely

to hear the truth than those who do not listen to the truth. The obstacle faced by

researchers in becoming facilities of tranquility and self-control lies in their lack of

knowledge of psychological sciences. In addition to being a researcher, they also give

positive things such as spirit, encouragement, and narrative while being students at

STAB Kertarajasa and becoming a religious leader. It aims to have a good influence on

people to always move forward and face existing problems. In the follow-up, the

researchers found that the participants felt happier and more joyful. Not only that, they

can also do their activities well and excitedly.

Painting Activities for Students

The purpose of painting is to produce artwork in the form of paintings that have

meaning. One of the most important things is how the participants emphasized freedom

of expression through painting activities. Therefore, the researchers gave instructions

related to this activity that the purpose of painting is not to make an artistic work but

rather a work full of meaning and emotions that are felt and then poured into the form

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of a work of art. As for tools and materials used in making paintings: canvas, water paint,

brush, remover, pencil, pallet, and water.

In the process of painting, the four participants can comply took the longest to complete.

ete the project smoothly even though the time it takes each participant is different.

Student P completed his painting quickly, while student P. In the beginning, the three

participants (S, and N,) had trouble pouring ideas or feelings into the canvas. This is

experienced by P with frequently changing the session and the theme of the painting. P

(S, N, is not confident in the painting made and this is onto makes the obstacle in

finishing the phones. While changes a lot over time her paintings are about the ideas that

will paintings headed on the canvas. P and E.D. found no meaningful obstacle in finding

ideas. In the fourth painting process initially experienced anxiety in the process of the

first pending activity and after estivation, the participants did not expect the process,

participant anxieties and enjoyed the painting activities. Most participants' proactivity,

Butt outside Intervention, and the outdoors can reduce mental blocks, and thoroughly

enjoyed being able to unite with nature. From the results of the paint outside therefore

and after the four Incidents have already made progress in terms of allowing one color.

Real and meaningful products in the creation of student works of art STAB

Kertarajasa

Applying Art Therapy

After the art therapy

Picture of 1. Art Therapy by S. (Source: Private Documentation)

The emergence of horizontal lines of representation of calm, peace, calmness, and

positivity. While the curved line shows a strong and firm feeling, as well as a lush and

harmonious character, Subjects using mixed white and blue, have cold and bright

characters that indicate greatness, belief, firmness of faith, loyalty, truth, generosity,

intelligence, peace, the application of stability, harmony, unity, trust, and security. Green

characteristics are fresh, young, alive, and growing has meanings of loyalty, awakening,

freshness, humility, environment, and balance, and the black characteristic atmosphere

is deep, which symbolizes sadness, disaster, sorrow, depression, and darkness. The

subjects chose the color as a symbol of belief, generosity, harmony, revival, selfishness,

and depression. The texture that appears in the painting titled "Beauty of Nature" is

drawn in a semu texture, meaning it looks rough but is subtle. The rough texture gives

the impression of being strong, solid, heavy, and tough. Subjects like things whose forms

of activity are heavy, and stiff, appear to have a tall body shape, and are slightly

muscular. The color blend on the image before it appears pale and is dominated by dark

colors with a blue background. Objects in the image look abstract and fill almost all the

fields of the canvas, while in the image after there are many objects arranged

symmetrically. The color used is a concentrated color with a strong brush emphasis.

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Applying Art Therapy

After the art therapy

Picture of 2. Art Therapy by N.A. (Source: Private Documentation)

The appearance of curved lines that form small circles is a representation of strong and

firm feelings, as well as harmonious and feminine characters. The subject is a woman

who likes to prioritize appearance, and characters such as humorous and feminine are

on her list of traits. Subjects using green have a fresh, young, alive character, and

growing has meanings of loyalty, resurrection, freshness, humility, environment, and

balance. Red has a character of anger, cruelty, and misery. Black is characterized by a

stunning, deep atmosphere, which symbolizes sadness, calamity, sorrow, depression,

and darkness. A little white and yellow symbolize light and joy. The subject has a

character of loyalty, environment, sadness, light, and excitement. The apparent texture

in the painting entitled "Behind Luck and Beauty" is drawn into a delicate texture,

meaning the subtle texture gives a gentle, lightweight, and calm impression. Subject is a

handsome woman who loves gentleness. The painting is quite complicated, with

attention to the details. The first image of an object is asymmetric, and the second object

is symmetric.

Applying Art Therapy

After the art therapy

Picture of 3. Art Therapy by P. (Source: Private Documentation)

The appearance of horizontal lines that form a cloud represents a sense of tranquility,

and calmness, as well as a calm and positive character. The subject is a woman who loves

silence and quiet. Subjects using green have a fresh, young, alive character, and growing

has meanings of loyalty, resurrection, freshness, humility, environment, and balance.

White has a potent and surrendering character while representing honesty, sincerity,

and peace. signifies majesty, belief, firmness of faith, loyalty, truth, generosity,

intelligence, peace, the application of stability, harmony, unity, trust, and security. The

subject prefers peace and silence. The texture that appears in the painting entitled

"Behind Luck and Beauty" is painted into a delicate texture, meaning the subtle texture

gives the impression of being soft, light, and calm. Subject is a handsome woman who

loves gentleness. Both pictures represent the same atmosphere somewhere. The first is a

forest, and the second is a beach with a lot of coconut trees. The object created in the

second image looks more organized.

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Applying Art Therapy

After the art therapy

Picture of 4. Art Therapy by E.D. (Source: Private Documentation)

The appearance of curved lines that form the truss forms the arch, which represents

feelings of love, humor, and femininity. The subject is a man with a feministic and shy

character. Subjects using green have a fresh, young, alive character, and growing has

meanings of loyalty, resurrection, freshness, humility, environment, and balance. White

has a positive and surrendering character while representing honesty, sincerity, and

peace. indicates majesty, belief, firmness of faith, loyalty, truth, generosity, intelligence,

peace, the application of stability, harmony, unity, trust, and security. The subject prefers

peace and solitude. The texture that appears in the painting titled "Sunset and Beach" is

drawn into a rough texture, meaning it can give the impression of being strong, robust,

heavy, and tough. The comparison of the two pictures makes the difference very clear.

Starting from a dark image depicting a stressful mood to such a bright image It depicts

the expectation of the participant for something. View the image's atmosphere from dark

to light.

The effectiveness of art therapy in reducing stress

After the presence of the material on art therapy through painting and applying it,

students experience a transformation of their mindset, emotions, and behavior; not only

that, there is a change related to the way of understanding how to see the level of stress

one can remove in any way one paints. From the results of the interviews conducted

with four informants, it was observed that there were changes after the painting activity.

The initial transformation is the feeling that the informant likes and is pleased with the

activity. In other words, it is as if the knowledge of the truth is hidden from the ignorant.

At first, it was difficult to adjust to all life activities and academic fields, resulting in

stress that affected the difficulty of dividing time between teaching and being a monk in

everyday life. Too much feeling depressed with life is also a factor in the difficulty of

finding ideas, as NA says, "Yes, because sometimes I often have ideas in my head, but I

feel like I have a limitation to convey those ideas. So yes, I keep it in my head."

When the student of STAB Kertarajasa has been able to and clearly understood this,

gradually his pattern of thinking and his life will change, and the informants will strive

to stop doing "stupid" things and taking actions that can harm themselves. Based on the

results of research, it can be said that when a person is able to regulate emotions and all

the problems that exist within him, the tone of his conscious mindset changes in

whatever he does. In addition, it can be concluded that there are changes in the reactions

given by the participants before and after doing art therapy activities through a painting.

So, the application of art therapy can make a person able to process the emotions that

are in him into an artwork—a painting that represents his feelings.

From the tests already performed before the application of art therapy and after, it was

discovered that there was a change in the direction of the test results. Previously, all four

participants experienced severe stress after doing therapy for mild stress. This proves

that art therapy through creative processes can reduce student stress.

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Conclusion

The value of the dependent rights contained in the APHT that has been registered

at the local land office and has been issued a certificate of dependent rights has the

function of determining the position of creditors. Aif the debtor defaults on a promise

can be carried out the execution of the object of the dependent right and prioritizes the

repayment of creditors. If the value of the dependent rights listed in the APHT has a

debt value greater than the debtor's debt, then the preferred right is attached to the

creditor r, and vice versa applies if the value The greater the debt, the creditor is

positioned as a concurrent creditor.

The determination of the position of creditors is not only assessed limited to the

value of the rights listed in the APHT but also influenced by the results of the auction

sale. If the proceeds from the sale of the liability are greater than the amount of the debt,

the creditor is entitled to the introduction of full repayment of the debt. If the proceeds

of the sale of the object of liability are less than the debtor's debt, then the creditor is

entitled to repayment of the debtor's debt from the proceeds of the sale, but The

remaining debtor positions the creditor no longer as a preferred creditor but as a

concurrent creditor.

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