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Edunity
Volume 2 Number 11, November 2023
p- ISSN 2963-3648- e-ISSN 2964-8653
Doi:
https://edunity.publikasikupublisher.com/index.php/Edunity/index
LOVE, LOSS, AND RESILIENCE: AN IN-DEPTH LITERARY
ANALYSIS OF 'ALL THE BRIGHT PLACES' (2015) THROUGH
THE LENS OF EXISTENTIALISM
Titis Setyabudi
1
, Basyir Yasier Rais
2
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
Email: titis.[email protected]
1
, [email protected]
2
ABSTRACT
Abstract: This in-depth literary analysis explores the novel "All the Bright Places" (2015) by
Jennifer Niven This research examines an existentialist perspective, focusing on the themes of
love, loss, and resilience. By applying an existentialist lens with the aim of (1) From an
existentialist perspective, how the themes of love, loss, and resilience are expressed in this novel;
(2) Analyze the concepts of individual freedom and personal responsibility in this novel and the
existentialist implications that arise from the characters and storyline; (3) Discover the role of the
themes of death and loss in this story and how they can be understood through the lens of
existentialism. This research method is a descriptive qualitative method using content analysis
techniques and note-taking techniques in data analysis. The data of this research comes from the
literary work All the Bright Places (2015). Through this exploration, this research reveals the
timeless exploration of humanity and existentialism in literature.
Keywords: All the Bright Places; Existentialism; Freedom; Human Condition
Introduction
Literature is an art form that uses language as a medium. It involves the creative use
of words, style, narrative structure, and other aesthetic elements to produce works such
as poetry, prose, drama, etc. Literature is not only based on oral communication, but
also explores meaning, emotion, conflict, and human experience through imagination
and idiosyncratic language. According to Soemarjo (Kurniadi, 2019) Literature is the
expression of human experience in the form of expressive and memorable language
(Jayanti, Surastina, & Permanasari, 2022).
Literary works are the works of people or writers that arise from phenomena that occur
in people's lives. Reading and understanding literary works means reading and
understanding the phenomena of life. The various phenomena of life are expressed in
[Love, Loss, and Resilience: an in-depth Literary Analysis of
'All the Bright Places' (2015) through the Lens of
Existentialism]
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the form of literary works in accordance with the concept, vision, skills and creativity
of the author, who transforms the reality of life into an imaginative work that can bring
joy and benefit to human life.
Literary works, like portraits of life, can be used, understood, and useful for society
(Widaswari, Susrawan, & Erawan, 2022) A literary work is born as a result of the
author's inner experience in the form of interesting events or problems that give rise to
thoughts and images that are poured into writing (Wicaksono, 2017).
A novel consists of two elements, an internal element and an external element. Internal
elements are the elements that make up the literary work itself. These elements include
themes, characteristics, setting, plot, point of view, style, and task. While external
elements are elements that build literary works from the outside (Hermawan, 2019).
Therefore, external elements (Nasir, 2014) are considered in this analysis. In addition,
moral values are also related to the social status of each character, i.e. how their daily
lives are organized both in the family and in society.
Existentialism is a philosophical school whose understanding focuses on the individual
person who is responsible for his own free will without deep consideration of what is
right and what is wrong. It is not that he does not know what is right and what is
wrong, but existentialists realize that truth is relative and therefore each individual is
free to choose what he thinks is right (Widjaja & Boiliu, 2019). Existentialism is one of
the main currents of philosophy, especially in the Western philosophical tradition.
Existentialism questions human existence and that existence represents freedom. The
basic problem of existentialism is pure freedom. What is freedom? How is this free
person? And according to its main dogma, freedom, existentialism firmly rejects any
definition of freedom other than freedom itself. Human existence means that man
exists as himself, as if he came out of himself and everything around him relates to him.
Man realizes his existence and determines his status in the world through his actions.
This explains how a person finds himself as an individual when he can come out of
himself and deal with everything outside of himself (Adawiah, 2015)
Jennifer Niven's 2015 novel All the Bright Places is a moving story of two souls bound
by darkness and light.Along the way, Theodore and Violet meet at the top of a water
tower, symbolizing the unexpected beginning of their journey.In the embrace of
darkness and silence, they find common ground and mutual understanding. They
share unspeakable secrets, deep wounds, and unfulfilled dreams.The novel depicts the
journey of Teodoro and Viola who dare to explore life and discover the true meaning
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of happiness. They explore beautiful places and find beauty in the darkness they
encounter
The characters of Teodoro and Viola make us think about the light that exists in every
darkness and the strength that we can find in our weaknesses. Responsive to emotions
and complex characters, All Bright Places invites us to reflect on the true meaning of
life and look for the light in the darkness around us. The novel invites us to look at life
with new eyes, cherish every precious moment and face the darkness with hope still
shining through. ''All the Bright Places'' is a moving work that leaves a deep impression
on the power of love, forgiveness, and the value of life. Love cannot be separated from
human nature as a social being, a person always needs other people in his life. As
Marcel explained in that people cannot survive alone, people always involve others in
their lives (Badruzzaman & Rena, 2020)
From an existentialist perspective, the novel depicts the main characters' struggle to
find meaning and purpose in their lives amidst uncertainty and misfortune. With
freedom, a person can and will continue to do whatever he wants to make and create
because people are basically never identical with themselves (J. Siswanto, 1998).
(Muzairi, 2002) The concept of individual freedom and personal responsibility is also
an important theme in the novel. This literary analysis will explain how the themes of
love, loss, and endurance are expressed in this novel from an existentialist perspective.
In addition, we will also look at the protagonist's role in overcoming existential
challenges and how existentialist concepts such as individual freedom and personal
responsibility are important in this story.
Based on the description above, the purpose of this research (1) From an existentialist
perspective, how the themes of love, loss, and resilience are expressed in this novel; (2)
Analyze the concepts of individual freedom and personal responsibility in this novel
and the existentialist implications that arise from the characters and storyline; (3)
Discover the role of the themes of death and loss in this story and how they can be
understood through the lens of existentialism.
Research Method
This research method uses qualitative methods to analyze "all the bright spots" through
the lens of existentialism, researchers can better see the complexity of human life,
existential challenges, and the search for meaning and existence in emotionally charged
experiences (Anggito & Setiawan, 2018). Therefore, the purpose of this analysis is to
touch readers' hearts, arouse their emotions and inspire them to love more, be stronger
in the face of loss, and encourage them to find meaning in the struggle of life, a
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profound message conveyed by the novel All the Bright Places through the lens of
existentialism.
In conducting an in-depth analysis of the novel All the Bright Places from an
existentialist perspective, important research information may include the following
elements (Zellatifanny & Mudjiyanto, 2018): Novel Text: The main data used is the text
of the novel "All the Bright Places" by Jennifer Niven (2015). With this approach, we aim
to deepen our understanding of "All the Bright Places" from an existentialist perspective,
using data categorized by problem statement. This approach offers a deeper emotional
dimension and allows us to feel the intensity of the characters' experiences and discover
the deeper meaning of the story
Result And Discussion
All the Bright Places tells the story of Theodore Finch, a complicated and enigmatic
teenager, and Violet Markey, a girl grieving the loss of her sister. Finch is deeply
interested in death and dark feelings, while Violet feels trapped in grief and loss.
During this journey, Finch and Violet help each other overcome complicated emotions
and support each other (Syarifuddin, 2016).
From an existentialist perspective, how the themes of love, loss, and resilience are
expressed in this novel
The characters in the story question the meaning and purpose of their lives and face
deep and existential questions.
(All The Bright Places: page 10)
“Is today a good day to die?
This is something I ask myself in the morning when I wake up. In the third period, I’m
trying to keep my eyes open while Mr. Schroeder drones on and on. At the supper table
I’m passing the green beans. At night when I’m lying awake my brain won’t shut off
due to all there is to think about.
Is today the day?
And if not today—when?”
Such questions, from an existentialist point of view, lead to reflections on the meaning
of life, freedom, and personal responsibility. Every individual has the freedom and
responsibility to determine the meaning and value of his or her life (Wulandari, 2012).
This question invites us to reflect on the importance of finding meaning in life, facing
challenges and making the right decisions.
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The characters' encounters reflect the existentialist themes of literature.
(All The Bright Places: page 11)
“Then his head turns away from me and he points at the sky. At first I think he’s
pointing at me, but it’s at that moment I see her, the girl. She stands a few feet away on
the other side of the tower, also out on the ledge, dark-blond hair waving in the breeze,
the hem of her skirt blowing up like a parachute. Even though it’s January in Indiana,
she is shoeless in tights, a pair of boots in her hand, and staring either at her feet or at
the ground—it’s hard to tell. She seems frozen in place “(Levithan, 2018)
This spectacle makes us doubt the existence of humans. We live in a world full of
uncertainty, confusion, and difficulty. Sometimes the world draws in on us and we
can't feel our presence. Maybe she feels the same emptiness that I think. And in that
emptiness, we seek meaning and purpose, sometimes through extreme actions and
sacrifices.
(All The Bright Places: page 12)
“I keep talking, but I can tell I’m running out of steam. I need to take a piss, for one
thing, and so my words aren’t the only thing twitching. (Note to self: Before attempting
to take own life, remember to take a leak.) And, two, it’s starting to rain, which, in this
temperature, will probably turn to sleet before it hits the ground. “It’s starting to rain,”
I say, as if she doesn’t know this. “I guess there’s an argument to be made that the rain
will wash away the blood, leaving us a neater mess to clean up than otherwise. But it’s
the mess part that’s got me thinking. I’m not a vain person, but I am human, and I don’t
know about you, but I don’t want to look like I’ve been run through the wood chipper
at my funeral.”
Characters face deep questions about our existence and the meaning of our lives.
Amidst the struggle against the uncertainties and chaos of life, humans try to find the
meaning and purpose of their existence. In this predicament and questioning, in the
rain, the characters of this story contemplate their life choices. However, faced with
this life, he expresses his desire not to fall into total chaos (Martin, 2003).
The characters' encounters reflect the existentialist themes of literature
(All The Bright Places: page 13)
“I try to get past the unexpected interruption of saving a life and return to the business
at hand. For a minute, I can feel it: the sense of peace as my mind goes quiet, like I’m
already dead. I am weightless and free. Nothing and no one to fear, not even myself.”
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From an existentialist perspective, the moment when the character feels calm and free
symbolizes an attempt to break away from the restrictions and demands of the outside
world. He strives for individual freedom and gains an understanding of his own
existence.
Love in Existentialism
(All The Bright Places: page 30)
“Elanor Markey, 18, a senior at Bartlett High School and member of the student
congress, lost control of her car on A Street Bridge at approximately 12:45 a.m. April 5.
Icy conditions and speed may have caused the crash. Eleanor was killed on impact.
Her 16-year-old sister, Violet, a passenger in the vehicle, sustained only minor injuries”
Eleanor's disappearance illustrates the fragility and uncertainty of human life. In love
and sibling relationships like Eleanor and Violet's, the existential question of how we
respond to the death of a loved one comes up strongly. How this loss affects the
meaning of life and how we deal with it as people who are aware of the limits and end
of life?
(All The Bright Places: page 32)
“I imagine Violet at home right now, on the other side of the computer, her perfect
mouth with its perfect corners turned up, smiling at the screen, despite everything, no
matter what. Violet smiling. With one eye on my computer, I pick up the guitar, and
start making up words, the tune not far behind. I’m still here, and I’m grateful because
otherwise I would be missing this. Sometimes it’s good to be awake. “So not today,” I
sing. “Because she smiled at me.”
Although the narrator is aware of a life full of challenges and uncertainties, he finds
meaning and meaningful existence in his relationship with Violet. Through her smile,
Violet becomes a symbol of hope and comfort in the narrator's life, bringing light and
warmth in uncertainty and hardship.
Loss analysis in Existentialism
(All The Bright Places: page 51)
January 11. According to the New York Times, nearly 20 percent of suicides are
committed by poison, but 50 among doctors who kill themselves, that number is 57
percent. My thoughts on the method: Seems like kind of a coward’s way out, if you ask
me. I think I’d rather feel something. That said if someone held a gun to my head
(haha—sorry, suicide humor) and made me use poison, I’d choose cyanide. In gaseous
form, death can be instant, which I realize defeats the purpose of feeling something.
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But come to think of it, after a lifetime of feeling too much, maybe there’s actually
something to be said for fast and sudden.
The narrator reflects on her choice of suicide method, revealing that she prefers a taste
rather than instant death. It illustrates the desire to experience life intensely, even in
desperate situations, amidst suffering and loss. It means wanting to find meaning and
purpose in life, even while facing challenges that inflame human emotions.
(All The Bright Places: page 52)
The Waves. I cheat again and find the passage. Here’s more: “I feel a thousand
capacities spring up in me. I am arch, gay, languid, melancholy by turns. I am rooted,
but I flow. All gold, flowing …” I decide to end there, mostly because I’m in a hurry to
see if she’ll write back. It takes her three minutes. I like: “This is the most exciting
moment I have ever known. I flutter. I ripple. I stream like a plant in the river, flowing
this way, flowing that way, but rooted, so that he may come to me. ‘Come,’I say,
‘come.”
These losses can raise awareness of human limitations and frailties, encouraging
individuals to seek meaning and purpose in circumstances of uncertainty and change.
Although there may be fear and fragility in life, moments like these give people new
courage and hope to live life to the fullest.
Resilience analysis in Existentialism
(All The Bright Places: page 70)
In March of 1941, after three serious breakdowns, Virginia Woolf wrote a note to her
husband and walked to a nearby river. She shoved heavy stones into her pocket and
dove into the water. “Dearest,” the note began, “I feel certain that I am going mad
again. I feel we can’t go through another of those terrible times.… So I am doing what
seems the best thing to do.” How long has it been? Four minutes? Five? Longer? My
lungs are starting to burn. Stay calm, I tell myself. Stay relaxed. The worst thing you
can do is panic
Virginia Woolf reached a point where she felt she could not go on with her life and felt
as if she was going "mad". She made the radical decision to end her life by jumping
into a river. However, in her final thoughts, we see her attempt to remain calm and
relaxed. She understands that panic is the worst thing in such a situation. Although
Woolf eventually commits a tragic act, her calm demeanor shows her resilience.
(All The Bright Places: page 73)
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“I don’t know. They’re making a bigger deal of it than it is. I’m not a hero. I just
happened to be up there. I don’t think he really would have jumped.” I drink my entire
glass of water because my mouth is suddenly dry. “Who’s this boy you saved?” my
dad wants to know. “He’s just a boy I go to school with. He’s okay now.
In existentialism, resilience involves accepting one's existential state of uncertainty,
difficulty, and responsibility. I feel that the boy is doing well now. This shows that he
can bounce back from challenges. He demonstrated his ability to face and survive
unexpected situations.
Analyze the concepts of individual freedom and responsibility storyline.
Existentialist analysis of individual freedom
(All The Bright Places: page 87)
“Before I die I want to have kids. Live in London. Own a pet giraffe. Skydive. Divide
by zero. Play the piano. Speak French. Write a book. Travel to a different planet. Be a
better dad than mine was. Feel good about myself. Go to New York City. Know
equality. Live. Play guitar like Jimmy Page. Come up with a song that will change the
world. Find the Great Manifesto. Count for something. Be the person I’m meant to be
and have that be enough. Know what it’s like to have a best friend. Matter.”
In existentialism, individuals are given absolute freedom to make decisions and
determine the meaning of their lives. The desire to feel happy emphasizes the
individual's freedom to accept himself and create inner happiness. At the same time,
the endeavor to write books, play music, and create songs that change the world
explores the individual's freedom to express creativity and gain social recognition.
(All The Bright Places: page 90)
Interesting fact: Hanging is the most frequently used method of suicide in the United
Kingdom because, researchers say, it’s viewed as being both quick and easy. But the
length of the rope has to be calibrated in proportion to the weight of the person;
otherwise, there is nothing quick or easy about it. Additional interesting fact: The
modern method of judicial hanging is termed the Long Drop.
In the complex human context, existentialism teaches us to view individual freedom
and personal responsibility with understanding and sensitivity. Analyzing the
concepts of individual freedom and existentialism, we explore the complexity of
humanity and its struggle to find meaning in life's challenges.
Existentialist analysis of responsibility
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(All The Bright Places: page 67)
“You asked why I wanted to do this with you. It’s not because you were up on the
ledge too, even though, okay, that’s part of it. It’s not because I feel this weird
responsibility to keep an eye on you, which is also part of it. It’s because you smiled at
me that day in class. A real smile, not the bullshit one I see you give everyone all the
time where your eyes are doing one thing and your mouth is doing another.” “It was
just a smile.” “Maybe to you.” “You know I’m going out with Ryan Cross.” “I thought
you said he wasn’t your boyfriend.” Before I can recover, he laughs. “Relax. I don’t like
you like that.”
This dialog also shows that personal responsibility is not always based on romantic or
formal relationships. It shows that responsibility can arise from small interactions and
simple actions that have an emotional impact. The protagonist realizes that their
responsibility is not bound by other people's expectations or relationship labels.
(All The Bright Places: page 171)
My beloved boat is broken on the rocks of daily life. I’ve paid my debts and no longer
need to count pains I’ve suffered at the hands of others. The misfortunes and the
insults. Good luck to those who remain.
This poem invites us to reflect on the freedom of the individual to determine his own
life and how we can free ourselves from the burdens that others impose on us. The
individual is freed from dependence on others and can stop counting the suffering he
suffers because of them.
Discover the role of the themes of death
Existentialist analysis of the themes of death
(All The Bright Places: page 210)
“Upstairs, I shut the door to his bedroom and stand there a moment. The room still
smells like him—a mix of soap and cigarettes and the heady, woodsy quality that is
distinctly Theodore Finch. I open the windows to let some air in because it’s too dead
and stale, and then I close them again, afraid the scent of soap and cigarettes and Finch
will escape. I wonder if his sisters or mom have even set foot in this room since he’s
been gone. It looks so untouched, the drawers still open from when I was here last”
This piece vividly represents the loss and grief after Theodore Finch's departure,
closing the window to preserve the smell reflects the attempt to preserve one's memory
and presence. The story analyzes the theme of death and illustrates the profound sense
of loss and its effect on those left behind.
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(All The Bright Places: page 233)
“The archangel Gabriel and Jesus are raising the dead. It’s hard to describe reach
upward and dozens of yellow crosses race across the ceiling like stars or airplanes. The
black-light walls are lined with plaques paid for by families of the dead who are asking
the angels to bring their loved ones back to life and give them a happy eternity.”
(Siregar, 2022)
This subject illuminates the scene where the angel Gabriel and Jesus raise the dead.
This renaming reflects humanity's hope and desire to overcome death and bring the
dead back to life. It also demonstrates the belief in spiritual power and transcendent
abilities that transcend the limits of human life. Through this analysis of the theme of
death, we can see how the author uses existential elements and symbolism to describe
life, death, and human hope in the face of loss.
Conclusion
This research focuses on the aspects of love, loss, and resilience in the movie All the
Bright Places by using the theory of existentialism. The novel tells the story of an
individual's struggle to find meaning in a life that feels empty and is faced with the harsh
reality of death and loss. The conflict in the story deals with existential questions about
individual freedom, personal responsibility, and the nature of human existence. In
accordance with the research objectives, i. H. (1) From an existentialist perspective, this
novel reveals the themes of love, loss, and resilience; (2) Analyze the concepts of
individual freedom and personal responsibility in this novel and the existentialism that
emerges from the characters and story. (3) Discover the role of the theme of death and
loss in this story and how it can be understood from an existential perspective.
An in-depth analysis of the novel All the Bright Places (2015) from an existentialist
perspective offers a deep understanding of the themes of love, loss, and resilience. In
this work we see how the main characters experience a complex emotional journey,
facing various life challenges and searching for the meaning of their existence. The
importance and impact of human relationships in the journey of life is also a strong
theme in this novel. The presence of love and friendship is a force that can give the
characters hope and resilience in difficult situations. All Bright Places (2015) is an
emotional and thought-provoking work of literature. Through the lens of existentialism,
the story teaches the values of life, the purpose of existence and the need to appreciate
every moment in life's journey.
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