746

Darmawan Sudarman, Irma Yulia Madjid, Fauzia Nur, Indah Rahayu, Saharuddin

Edunity

Volume 2 Number 6, June 2023

p- ISSN 2963-3648 | e-ISSN 2964-8653

Doi: https://doi.org/10.57096/edunity.v2i6.123

https://edunity.publikasikupublisher.com/index.php/Edunity/index

EFFECT OF SALINITY DIFFERENCES ON PHYTOPLANKTON

DENSITY (SKELETONEMA COSTATUM)

Darmawan Sudarman

, Irma Yulia Madjid

, Fauzia Nur

, Indah Rahayu

, Saharuddin

Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. West Sulawesi University, Indonesia

Email: darmawanswawan883@gmail.com

, [email protected]

fauzia.nur2208@gmail.com

, indah3009198[email protected]

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the effect of differences in salinity on the density of

phytoplankton (Skeletonema costatum). The method in this study used a completely

randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters tested included the

density rate of Skeletonema costatum. Data analysis uses One Way Anova to see the

significance of the influence of treatment on the density of Skeletonema costatum and the

density results of Skeletonema Costatum was analyzed descriptively. The highest average

density of Skeletonema costatum was obtained at a salinity of 30 ppt (90,000 cells/ml),

followed by a salinity of 25 ppt (Control) at (42,500 cells/ml), then a salinity of 20 ppt at (37,500

cells/ml) and the lowest at salinity 15 ppt of (32,500 cells/ml). Based on the ANOVA test,

salinity had a significant effect on the density of Skeletonema costatum (P<0.05) with the best

treatment being 30 ppt salinity. The results of analysis of Skeletonema costatum, a salinity of

30 ppt obtained the highest density

Keywords: Density; Salinity; Skeletonema costatum

Introduction

Phytoplankton are microscopic organisms that can photosynthesize because they have

chlorophyll which functions to produce their own food. Skeletonema costatum is a

natural feed that is widely used in fish and shrimp hatcheries that are still in the seed

stage. For fish that are still fried, of course, the feed used must be appropriate, namely

the size and texture according to the larvae. In other words, it must require feed that fits

the fish's mouth opening, whether it's artificial feed such as pellets or live feed or natural

feed such as plankton and other microscopic organisms (Rudiyanti, 2011).

Natural feed is the availability from nature. The availability of natural feed is an

important factor in determining the success of a fish and shrimp hatchery because it has

a major effect on the growth and survival of fish and shrimp. This is related to natural

food which is a source of nutrition in meeting the needs of each growth phase of fish and

shrimp, especially during the larval/seed phase (Mudlofdar et al., 2021)

Skeletonema costatum has several advantages compared to artificial feed, because it has

enzyme autolysis itself so that it is easily digested by the larvae and does not contaminate

the cultivation media (Ratnawati et al., 2022). S. costatum is widely used in shrimp

farming because of its high nutritional content, namely 59% protein, 8% fat, and 33%

carbohydrates (Rudiyanti, 2011).

The development of S. costatum is directly related to what is dissolved in the water.

Therefore, water quality directly influences the health and growth of cultivated

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organisms (Sambu et al., 2016). Water quality is expressed by several parameters, namely

physical parameters, including temperature, salinity, turbidity, and dissolved solids.

Chemical parameters: pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, metal content. Biological parameters:

the presence of plankton, and bacteria (Effendi, 2003).

Salinity is one of the factors affecting the growth of S. costatum. Most of the diatoms are

very sensitive to changes in the salt content of the water. The life of various types of

phytoplankton including S. costatum depends on the salinity of the waters. The salinity

factor is very important because it directly affects the osmotic pressure of the body

(Muhsoni, 2021).

Supriyantini's research, (2013) regarding the use of salinities of 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt on

the nutritional content of S. costatum. Regarding the results of his research, it was found

that a good salinity for cultivating natural feed for S. costatum is a salinity of 15 ppt.

Based on this research, it is necessary to carry out further research to determine the good

salinity on the density of S. costatum phytoplankton.

Research Method

Time and Place of Research

This research was conducted in November at the Po Niang Beach Fish Seed Center

(BBIP) Poniang, Poniang Hamlet, Tallu Banua Village, Sendana District, Majene

Regency, West Sulawesi Province.

Data analysis

The data of the density of S. costatum that has been obtained is analyzed with the One

Way Anova, which aims to find out the influence of the treatment given on the density

of S. costatum, at a confidence level of 95%. If the treatment has a significant effect on

the test parameters, Tukey's further test will be performed with SPSS software version

22.00.

Result And Discussion

Cell DensitySkeletonema costatum

The results of this study are to find out how the influence of salinity on densityS. cost

which is the ratio between the density level of each treatment with the control density

level. DensityS. costed displayed on table 1 following:

Table 1. Average Cell Density of Skeletonema costatum

Treatment

Connected

Rerata±SD

15 ppt

10.000

12.500

10.833±1443,38

20 ppt

10.000

12.500

15.000

12.500±2500,00

25 ppt (Control)

12.500

15.000

14.1667±1443,38

30 ppt

25.000

30.000

35.000

30.0000±5000,00

Results Analysis Anova variances show that different salinities have a significant effect

on densitySt. costum (P<0.05). The results from the observation of the treatment can be

seen that the level of density St. costum highest during the study in treatment D with a

salinity of 30 ppt, namely (90,000 cells/ml) with a mean ± SD (30.0000±5000,00

) followed

by treatment C with a salinity of 25 ppt (Control) of (42,500 cells/ml) Mean ± SD

(14.167±1443,38

), in treatment B with a salinity of 20 ppt (37,500 cells/ml) Mean±SD

(12,500±2500,00

), and for treatment A with a salinity of 15 ppt showed the lowest value

of (32,500 cells/ml) Mean ± SD (10.833±1443,38

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Darmawan Sudarman, Irma Yulia Madjid, Fauzia Nur, Indah Rahayu, Saharuddin

Based on the Tukey test, the results of this study (Appendix 7) show that the salinity is

different from the density. custom. Where treatment A (salinity 15 ppt), treatment B

(salinity 20 ppt), and Treatment C (salinity 25 ppt or control) were not significantly

different. While treatment A (15 ppt), B (20 ppt), and C (25 ppt or control), was

significantly different from treatment D (salinity 30 ppt).

To see the density. cost i.e. using tools Haemocytometer with the help of a microscope. To

count and observe plankton in sections fourth side of the tool Haemocytometer which

consists of A1, A2, A3, and A4 up to density. cost can be seen on a microscope. On

observation, S. cost at 30 ppt salinity can increase the density, this increase is assisted by

the availability of sufficient nutrients and environmental factors such as temperature

and light intensity. This occurs in treatment D because the range of salinity has a positive

effect, namely an increase in density because a salinity of 30 ppt is the optimal range of

salinity for density.S. cost (Arbit, 2021). Based on the observations made during the

study, the best treatment to produce cell densitySt. costum is treatment D at a salinity of

30 ppt. This also fits the view (Waspodo & Setyono, 2020) that cellS. cost can adapt well

to sharp cell decline with changes in medium quality at 32 ppt salinity, so cells can grow

quickly.

Treatment C showed stable growth with a salinity of 25 ppt (control), this is in

accordance with the study that treatment C or control has stable population growth both

increasing and decreasing the cell population. Cells can grow well because cells no

longer have to adapt to changes in environmental salinity. St. custom can adapt to salinity

and media conditions and can grow well if supported by sufficient nutrients and

environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity, and pH (Hasim et al., 2022)

In contrast to Treatments A and B in this study, it had the lowest average value, as was

the opinion of Rudiyanti (2011) that cells could not adapt or die due to insufficient media

salinity. In contrast, Apriliyanti researcher al. (2008), states that the best growth and

nutrient content costume at a salinity of 15 ppt. Research results from Suprianto (2013),

stated that the water content. custom ranging from 7.78% - 12.68% salinity 25 ppt with

the highest water content of 12.68%. According to(Material & Relevance, 2021)Water is

the main component of protoplasm and plays an important role in cell metabolism.

In culturing. cost using a different salinity with a salinity of 25 ppt and 30 ppt, to get

maximum results on growth, it is better to harvest on the 2nd and 3rd day to get

maximum results (Husma, 2017). The salinity factor is very important because it direct

influence osmotic pressure.S. cost can grow in a wide range of salinity, namely 15-34 ppt

and the best salinity for growth is 20-30 ppt (Putri, 2023)

Here is a picture. custom before and after the experiment can be seen in Table 4 below:

Table 2 Skeletonema costatum before and after the experiment (Personal Doc.)

Treatment

Preliminary

observational

sample

Final

observation

sample

Information

15 ppt

1. The first observations

under the chain

microscope. costum short

and underdeveloped.

2. Observation after 24

hours. costum changes,

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namely the chain begins to

elongate and enlarge even

though it is not solid.

20 ppt

1. The first observations

under the chain

microscopeSt. costum

short and

underdeveloped.

2. Observation after 24

hours,S. experienced a

chain change that begins

to lengthen and grow even

though it is not too dense.

25 ppt

(Control)

1. The first observations

under the chain

microscope. costum short

and underdeveloped.

2. Observation after 24

hours, St. custom

undergoes long chain

changes and is well

developed and dense.

30 ppt

1. The first observations

under the chain

microscope. costum short

and underdeveloped.

2. Observation after 24

hours. custom long chain

can grow and develop

well and is very dense.

Water quality

The results of water quality measurements showed that the water temperature during

the study was still a strangely decent temperature. Water quality measurements are

carried out at the beginning and at the end. The range of water quality during the study

is presented in the following table:

Table 3 Water Quality Range

Water Quality

Parameters

Treatment

15 ppt

20 ppt

25 ppt

(Control)

30 ppt

4,6-,6,9

4,1-6,2

5,0-6,5

5,3-5,9

7-8

Temperature

31,3-31,8

31,9-32,2

31,6-32,2

31,2-31,5

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Darmawan Sudarman, Irma Yulia Madjid, Fauzia Nur, Indah Rahayu, Saharuddin

Water temperature measurements during the study varied between 31.2 and 32.2 °C

respectively (Syafruddin et al., 2014) and the optimal temperature for plankton growth

is 25-32 °C. The rise in water temperature is caused by the heat of the sun, so the

temperature rises. To maintain ecological survival and reproduction, changes in

temperature result in differences in composition and abundance. cost (Nur & Fitriah,

2021). Temperature directly affects the development and growth of phytoplankton, with

the optimum temperature to support plankton growth is 20-30°C (Soliha & Rahayu,

2018). changes in temperature can affect the salinity in the rearing vessel, as said (Andi

& Akhmad, 2008), temperature has a significant effect on chemical and biological

processes.

Dissolved oxygen values during the research process ranged from 4.1 to 6.9 ppm. The

results obtained for density. cost is still good, as mentioned by (Kadim et al., 2017), where

it is stated that the amount of dissolved oxygen is good for growth media. cost is between

3-7 ppm varies. The process of breathing requires DO, which is oxygen dissolved in

water. In general, the presence of DO in water is influenced by changes in temperature,

pressure, and the concentration of various ions that enter the water, the higher the

temperature, the lower the DO concentration and vice versa. (Sidaningrat et al., 2018)

The results of measuring acidity or pH during the research process varied between 7-8.

From these results, it can be said to be good for density. cost, (Barus, 2004), mentioning

the ideal pH for living organisms is usually between 7 to 8.5. Water conditions that are

very acidic or very alkaline endanger the survival of organisms because they cause

metabolic and respiratory diseases. Simanjuntak (2012) states that changes in the pH of

water bodies affect the life of organisms because each organism has certain limits for

different pH levels.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that: Different

levels of salinity in the treatment show a significant effect on density. cost., good range

of salinity to density. the cost in this study is the salinity of 30 ppt.

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